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The elephant in the room is that service employment is most vulnerable to displacement by AI.

I do not expect AGI any time soon, but existing AI technology, including specialized agents, is quite capable of cutting new white collar hiring significantly by increasing productivity.

AI does not need to fully replace workers to affect employment levels. If each worker can do more work, you are not going to need to hire more to get more work done. And as people leave or retire, you are less likely to need to replace them. Even if you don’t do layoffs, employment can decrease.

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